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| Troilus
and Cressida - The National Theatre
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The
Telegraph - 17/03/99 - Charles Spencer
Clearing the
moral wasteland
A
FEW years ago Trevor Nunn announced that
he felt he had lost his way with Shakespeare,
especially when it came to staging his
plays on big stages. So
you have to salute his courage in
choosing to launch the National Theatre's
new ensemble company in the wide open
spaces of the Olivier, with perhaps
the most dense and difficult play
that Shakespeare ever wrote.
I have one main
criticism. At three hours 40 minutes
the show is too long, and Nunn is
beginning to look dangerously addicted
to long-windedness. But it's tremendous
to see the dark, knotty drama presented
with such illuminating clarity, and
Nunn achieves a virtuosic blend of
intimate detail and epic sweep.
Scholars are
divided on whether Troilus and Cressida
was ever performed in Shakespeare's
lifetime. What's in no doubt is that
the play has found its time now, speaking
directly to audiences with its cynical
debunking of heroes, its rancid sexuality,
and its overriding sense of despair.
In Rob Howell's
simple, striking design, the action
is starkly staged on a circle of red,
stony earth, with a backdrop of the
walls of Troy, whose gates swing open
to send impressive numbers of sword
brandishing soldiery out for exciting
battles. The costumes are traditional,
straight out of Puffin's Tales of
Troy in fact, and Nunn stages the
war on racial lines - the divided,
calculating Greeks are white, most
of the fiercely tribal Trojans are
black.
It is the vile
choric commentator Thersites who best
summarises the theme of the play as
war and lechery, but in the early
stages Nunn does allow the lovers
an almost Chaucerian glow of romance.
Peter de Jersey is a handsome, smitten
Troilus, while Sophie Okonedo somehow
contrives to be both sexually knowing
and touchingly vulnerable as Cressida.
Yet even the early courtship is contaminated
by the cynical spirit of David Bamber's
hilariously effete and fluttery Pandarus,
who clearly has the hots for Troilus
and can hardly keep his constantly
wandering hands off the dear boy.
It's a great
comic performance with echoes of both
Frankie Howerd and John Inman, and
as a result the viciousness at the
end, when Pandarus turns hatefully
upon Cressida before bequeathing the
audience his mortal diseases, seems
particularly shocking.
What's especially
welcome is the depth and detail of
many of the performances, boding well
for the future of the ensemble. Okonedo,
for instance, memorably captures the
complexity of Cressida; yes, she's
faithless, but in the production's
most shocking scene she is all but
gang-raped by the Greek generals.
Okonedo harrowingly captures the weariness
and the sexual disgust of a woman
who is forced to turn tricks to survive.
Among the Greeks,
Roger Allam shines as a superbly
intelligent and witty Ulysses, delivering
the great speeches about degree and
time with dramatic clarity, and revealing
a keen sense of ironic intelligence.
Jasper Britton
is a notably repellent Thersites,
covered in sores and, in a brilliantly
revealing detail, masturbating with
Cressida's glove. Yet in this devious
world there is something shockingly
admirable about his reckless, reductive
honesty.
Raymond Coulthard,
in pop star's eye make-up, stylishly
captures both the posturing vanity
and the bisexuality of Achilles, and
there's fine work too from Simon Day
as a deliciously dim Ajax and David
Burt as the constantly mocked, permanently
aggrieved cuckold Menelaus.
Throughout Nunn
and his excellent ensemble are alert
to the sour, sardonic humour of the
play. As a result the audience laughs
and giggles its way into the heart
of a moral wasteland, a disconcerting
experience that is absolutely true
to the spirit of the play.

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| The
Guardian "...Nunn's
magnificent new production of Troilus
And Cressida in a revamped Olivier
is a breakthrough. Not only because
it signals the creation of an ensemble
and casts the Trojans as black and
the Greeks as white. It completes
a process that has been gathering
force for years: the reclamation of
Cressida as a genuine tragic character...
The stress is on narrative clarity.
Nunn's great virtue is that he re-creates
the play by re-defining character.
Instead of simply opposing romantic
Trojans and pragmatic Greeks, he implies
that the former are weighed down by
a doomed paternalism and the latter
by a warring individualism... On the
Greek side, the outstanding performance
comes from Roger Allam as Ulysses
- the best since Eric Porter. Instead
of a patrician wiseacre, Allam
offers us a flawed ironist who relishes
his power. He is superb in the scene
where Ajax is boosted as the Greek
champion, comparing him to 'bull-bearing
Milo' with almost lascivious sarcasm.
And the great speech beginning 'Time
hath my lord a wallet at his back'
- which really says you're only as
good as your last picture - is a classic
example of how dense imagery can be
unlocked through manual and verbal
emphasis... Nunn's psychological questing
pays rich dividends throughout. Dhobi
Oparei's Hector is not so much a chivalric
warrior as a force of nature encased
in self-regard. And Jasper Britton's
Thersites, looking like a badly plucked
cockatoo, is less the author's spokesman
than a man whose own diseased cynicism
leads him to spit on and then loot
Patroclus's corpse. Admittedly the
Achilles is underpowered and David
Bamber's Pandarus is not much more
than voyeuristic queen. But Nunn's
production makes exciting use of the
space and unites intimate detail and
symbolic gesture. When Greeks and
Trojans freeze envisaging the future,
it is both a startling echo of a device
Nunn first used in Julius Caesar over
a quarter-century ago and a potent
reminder that the characters are all
prisoners of pitiless time."

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| The
Financial Times "...
The National Theatre's new production
of Troilus, co-directed by Trevor
Nunn and John Caird, would be an important
effort for two reasons even if it
failed. One: this launches, within
the National, a repertory company
of actors who will tackle six very
different works over the coming year.
Two: in an era when almost all the
most admired Shakespeare productions
have been in small spaces, this one
is a determined push to make Shakespeare
once again work on a large scale.
In both respects, mind you, it very
nearly does fail. It starts terribly;
yet by the end it achieves real victory.
The Nunn-Caird production makes Troilus
a war of whites (Greeks) versus blacks
(Trojans). The whites (dressed in
a mixture of Oriental and modern attire)
are ruthless schemers; the blacks
(in traditional Arab/African dress)
are honourable, open-hearted, noble.
(Designs are by Rob Howell. His red
sand flooring is excellent, his set
decent, his ancient-and-modern costumes
extremely variable.) Shakespeare,
like (curiously) all Greek authors,
is certainly sympathetic to the Trojans
and critical of the Greeks; but I
have never known the scales tipped
so firmly in the Trojans' favour as
here, and to make it a black-versus-white
drama is one more political element
than we need. Nunn and Caird have
also done some tinkering with the
text that sometimes feels like superimposition
rather than clarification. Several
of the actors are inexperienced in
Shakespeare, and there is much too
much of the shouting and rushing about
that are the wrong methods to succeed
in the Olivier Theatre. Bit by bit,
however, the best bits of the production
coalesce; and (a more telling sign
of Nunn's and Caird's achievement)
even the weakest performers have moments
of memorable humanity and eloquence.
David Bamber alone, though one of
the most accomplished actors onstage,
gives a consistently irritating performance:
he smothers the role of Pandarus in
a busy display of surface acting that
is never for a moment believable.
As Cressida, Sophie Okonedo traces
a large arc from impish delight, bright-smiling
and dimpling, to aimless misery...
The finest achievement of the production,
however, is - despite what I have
said about textual fiddling - the
way in which it shows new lights in
Shakespeare's play. The word "Time",
for example: how, again and again,
it beams out, from Ulysses discoursing
to Achilles about the changeable reputations
of heroes, from the plaints of Cressida
and Troilus about their enforced separation,
and from Hector speaking to Ulysses
and the Greeks about prophecies of
Troy's fall. In this Troilus, time
moves fast; and its very speed is
part of the tragedy."

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| The
London Evening Standard "Alarm
bells should be rung for Trevor Nunn,
the National Theatre's director. His
production of Shakespeare's darkest
problem drama, Troilus and Cressida,
launching his new ensemble of actors
who will appear in a year-long repertory
of plays, ended up last night beached
and water-logged on the banks of high
hopes. Nunn's daring plan to form
a National troupe and test it in the
hardest reaches of Shakespeare, will
be rightly admired. I have, however,
never seen such an arid Nunn production,
one which so resembles a denuded hulk,
peopled with actors flailing at sea
with Shakespeare - not drowning but
treading water as they bawlingly pitch
into the text and miss. This is far
from sinking to the muddy depths of
Sean Mathias's 1998 National production
of Antony and Cleopatra. But there's
small comfort in that. In shafts of
dyspeptic satire and cynicism Shakespeare
surveys the moral damage done to Greeks
and Trojans as they pursue love, honour
and glory in a stalemated war. Nunn's
own perspective upon this battle of
wills and wiles is cosmetically prettified.
Rob Howell's design sets a blank scene.
It converts the Olivier stage into
a bare and circular playing-area and
a redshingled floor, with an arc of
mobile rear doors behind which lies
a stretch of sky-line. There's no
useful impression of a country exhausted
by war. The predominantly black Trojans
and rival Greeks are alike in sheer
unwarrior-like demeanour. Muscles
and machismo are what most of them
lack. Only Dhobi Oparei's Hector,
who wears a well-turned scowl, looks
as if killing comes naturally to him.
Nunn bathes Troilus and Cressida's
doomed love affair in the glow of
romantic pathos, even bringing the
turn-coat girl back at the end like
some ghostly icon of lost desire.
Unfortunately Sophie Okonedo's white-dressed,
unflirtatious Cressida is cucumber
cool where she ought to be inviting
as a peach. She's unsure whether to
be a pliant opportunist or war-casualty.
Peter de Jersey's disturbingly breathless
Troilus pitches camp in the terrain
of fraught self pity and never leaves.
Pandarus, the voyeuristic go between
is in the hands of David Bamber. And
what hands. They wave and gesticulate
non-stop as the dressing gowned, Bamber
camps and flounces around in a luridly
excessive carry-on... I offer one
star for braving this classic. But
for Nunn and the Nation.

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| The
Daily Mail Among
the parade of generals on both sides,
Troilus and Cressida embark on a doomed
love affair. She becomes the pawn
of war, soiled goods, an embittered
hostage to fortune. And Troilus goes
from eager warrior to embattled avenger.
On the Olivier stage Trevor Nunn has
mounted an epic and impressive revival
of a play that more belongs to our
century than any other of the Bard's.
A new permanent company bodes well
for the coming months...

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| The
Sunday Telegraph Trevor
Nunn's Troilus and Cressida at the
Olivier Theatre, is so good it would
be perverse not to give it pride of
place... a thrilling production, and
one that does justice to so many aspects
of a great but difficult play... Nunn
gives us a balanced picture. The comic
scenes are beautifully handled although
the play hurts too much for us to
go on laughing once they are over.
The philosophical reflections are
brought to life as vividly as the
fighting. The production marks an
auspicious beginning for the National
Theatre's new repertory system.

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Independent
on Sunday Personally
I felt like standing and cheering... here
was verse-speaking that was lucid, sardonic
and impassioned. (Roger) Allam's
Ulysses is the engine that powers Nunn's
production, matching a consummate command
of verse with a thoroughly modern tone.
The clarity of his performance is matched
by Nunn's bravura staging. He imports
the techniques of the blockbuster musical,
its scale, fluidity and use of simple
contrast. There is no clutter, every detail
is an effort to tell the story. We have
front row seats on the plains of Troy.

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Sunday
Times This
is a milestone event in the history of
the National Theatre. Troilus and Cressida
is Trevor Nunn's first Shakespeare since
he took over 18 months ago and it reconfirms
his place among the great Shakespeareans.
It also reconquers the Olivier stage for
its true purpose: the performance of the
great epic plays of the classical theatre.
This play is an inquisition about the
two great driving forces of life: love
and war. What is their cost and their
value? Do they ennoble or debase you?
Nunn's staging of the great war debate
of Trojan princes is excellent. This is
a real conflict of minds and feelings.

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Independent
Way ahead of
its time, Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida
had to wait until the present century
to find an audience roughly on the right
wavelength for its demythologising take
on the Trojan War. When you've witnessed
the masterly sweep and precision of focus
in Trevor Nunn's new production the historical
puzzle is more why this play had to wait
25 years to find a home in the Olivier
Theatre... the production works like a
dream.
I shall revisit this poduction as soon
as possible. 
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Glasgow
Herald You
have to hand it to Trevor Nunn - he can
still produce the goods. It is from first
to last a thrill - absorbing, emotionally
moving and visually stunning... a rare
event. 
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